Different Types of Staircase
Different staircase constructions allow the same staircase shape to look, feel, and function very differently. The choice of construction affects appearance, comfort, safety, maintenance, and cost.
Unlike the staircase shape, which is often dictated by space, the construction type is usually a client-led decision. Each option has its own advantages and compromises, and in many cases, different construction types can be combined within the same staircase.
Standard Construction Staircase (Closed String, Closed Riser)
A standard construction staircase uses closed strings and closed risers, creating a solid and fully enclosed structure. This type of staircase is practical, safe, and highly versatile.
Because there are no open gaps, it is well suited for homes with children and pets and is the most practical option where carpet is required. It also provides consistent acoustic performance and a familiar, comfortable feel underfoot.
Standard staircases are the most cost-effective solution, as they require less material thickness and simpler construction methods compared to other types. For this reason, they remain the most commonly used staircase construction.
Exposed Back Stairs
Exposed back staircases are constructed so that the underside of the staircase remains visible and finished, without the need for additional cladding.
This type of construction requires higher-grade materials, more detailed workmanship, and careful planning, as both sides of the staircase are part of the final visual result.
Exposed back stairs are typically selected where the staircase is a visible architectural feature rather than a purely functional element.
Open Riser Construction (Mini Open / With Bars)
Open riser staircases are designed to create a lighter, more open appearance by allowing space between the treads. This construction allows more light to pass through the staircase and can make the surrounding space feel larger and more contemporary.
From a practical perspective, open riser staircases are less suitable for carpeted finishes and may feel less enclosed compared to standard staircases. Thicker treads are required to compensate for the lack of traditional wedges and glue blocks, increasing material use and manufacturing complexity.
Open riser construction is often chosen for its visual impact rather than maximum practicality, and can also be combined with partially closed risers to balance openness with comfort and safety.
Cut String Staircases
Cut string staircases feature profiled strings that follow the shape of each tread, leaving the edge of the steps exposed. This construction is often associated with a more refined and decorative appearance.
Cut string stairs are commonly perceived as more luxurious but also more traditional in style. While they work well in both classic and transitional interiors, they may feel less minimal than modern closed-string designs.
Due to the increased level of detailing and finishing, cut string staircases typically require more labour and precision during manufacture and installation, which is reflected in the overall cost.
Metal Beam & Floating Staircases
Metal Beam Staircases
Metal beam staircases use a concealed or exposed steel beam as the primary structural support, with timber treads and balustrades fitted around it. This approach allows for longer spans, reduced visual bulk, and greater flexibility in layout.
The metal structure is typically supplied by specialist partners and combined with timber and glass elements to achieve a balanced, durable, and refined result.
Floating Staircases
Floating staircases are designed to appear visually suspended, with minimal visible support. This effect is achieved through hidden structural elements, reinforced walls, or concealed steel components.
Floating designs require careful planning, precise engineering, and close coordination with other trades. They are often used in architect-led projects where the staircase plays a central role in the overall interior design.
Each construction type offers a different balance between appearance, comfort, practicality, and cost. Standard staircases are generally the most economical and practical, while open riser, cut string, exposed back, and floating constructions require more material, more labour, and more complex installation.
In many projects, a combination of construction types is used to achieve the desired balance. The final choice depends on the client’s priorities, intended use, and overall design direction.